ECONOMIC SCENARIO

Occupational Pattern and Economic Activities


        There were 622328 workers according to 1991 census in the district. It is 29% of the entire population. There were 580168 male and 42160 female workers. Female workers are 6.8%. Their nature of work is evident in the following tables.

Category-wise Work Force

S.No.

Category

Number

% of Total Workers

1.

Cultivators

373134

60

2.

Agricultural Labourers

143115

23

3.

Domestic Industries

3449

01

4.

Other Industries

102630

16

 

Total

622328

100



        It is evident in the above table that 83% work force depends upon Agriculture. Remaining 1% are engaged in cottage or household industries. It hardly needs repetition that only 29% of population is chiefly work force.The logical derivative is that 70.9% population thrives on the income of the limited workers. This also indicates the people living under poverty line.

        Kakwan and Sarvankhera blocks rate high in crop density , while Rasulabad, Sandalpur, Derapur rate low in this regard. Main reasons for low cultivation in these blocks are uneven lands and lack of sources of irrigation. Derapur and Sandalpur do well in cash crops, while other blocks do not do so well. Derapur and Jhinjhak rank high from the angle of reported net sown areas, Kakvan and Maitha blocks rank low. Blocks Malasa, Amraudha,Sandalpur and Derapur respectively are counted in developed category regarding cultivation per farmer, while blocks Kakvan and Maitha come in under developed category.

Land Holdings


        Most of the farmers have small fragmented land holdings. The following table describes agricultural land holdings.

Distribution of Agricultural Holdings

 

S.N.

Size Range of holdings

Number of holdings

Area(in hec.)

% of Total No. of Holdings

Area %

1.

Less than 1.0 hectare

278208

103.5

70.1

27.1

2.

1 to 3 hect.

90692

147.0

22.8

38.6

3.

3 to 5 hect.

19658

77.8

4.9

20.4

4.

5 Hec.& above

8698

52.9

2.2

13.9

 

Total

397256

381.2

100.0

100.0


        The rural population by and large depends upon agriculture. This hardly supports their sustenance due to small holdings. The labour is not assured throughout the year. Thus they thrive on paltry income. It is evident from above table that 70.1% farmers have less than one hectare of land and these account for only 27.1 per cent of area. This reflects the state of disparities in economic status the people which is largely dependent on ownership of land.

Fisheries


        In order to increase the additional foods and providing employment to unemployed youth in the district, repair & maintenance of idle ponds and creation of new ponds on private land is being promoted by fisheries department. Under this scheme the beneficiary is provided a loan of Rs. 1.655 lacs from banks and a subsidy of Rs. 20,000 from fisheries department to create a pond on private land in an area of 1.00 hectare. These beneficiaries are given technical training in this field and provided stipend of Rs.25/- per day also.
        Presently as per the departmental survey there are 1720 ponds in an area of 1145.48 hectare, where fish production and Singhara culture is being done in the traditional way. In order to start production of fish scientifically and also for upgradation of these ponds, bank loans and subsidies are provided by the fisheries department, besides giving these ponds on lease for 10 years. Presently, total fish production from these ponds has been 2000 MT per annum. Out of this production nearly 80% is marketable surplus, which is being despatched to Kanpur Nagar and other parts of state.
        It is estimated that Rs.362.50 lacs shall be provided through banks as loan to the beneficiaries apart from Rs.61.00 lacs from fisheries department as stipend, subsidy and other expenses through their regular annual plans.

Animal Husbandry


        Agriculture and animal husbandry are main occupations in the district.Total number of animals in the district is 5,85,000. Out of which 1.95 lacs are cows, 1.78 lacs buffaloes and 2.12 lacs sheep, goats, pigs and poultry birds. Due to nearness to Kanpur Nagar, demand of animal products including milk is very much. Average milk production in the district is low as compared to state average. Therefore, in order to increase the milk production, there is a great need to implement the schemes such as breeding development, curing of diseases and enriched fodder schemes.

Efforts Required

  1. Milk production shall be enhanced by developing high yielding breeds through artificial insemination in indigenous cows and buffaloes.
  2. Efforts shall be made to enhance the average milk yield in case of cows from presently 2.219 kg per day to 4.50 kg per day and from 2.931 kg per day to 5.00 kg per day in case of buffaloes.
  3. Production of eggs and meat shall be enhanced through modern means of poultry development.
  4. Number of goat breeding centres shall be increased in order to develop high yielding breeds through indigenous breeds.
  5. Production of pork shall be enhanced by developing high yielding breeds of pigs through indigenous breeds.

 

Essentials

 

Details of existing and proposed facilities along with expected expenses are as follows.

S.No.

Institution

Existing(in Lacs)

1.

Animal Husbandry Hospital

23

2.

Animal Service Centre

56

3.

Frozen Insemination Centre

53

4.

Piggry Insemination Centre

6

5.

Goat Insemination Centre

13

6.

Laboratory

--

7.

Semen Collection Centre

--

8.

Mobile Unit

--

Banking Facilities


The district is served by 71 branches of rural and commercial banks which gives an average of one branch at a population of 17,570. The bank of Baroda is the Lead Bank of district, State Bank of India and Kanpur Rural Development Bank has 10 and 44 branches respectively. U.P. Land Development Bank and Co-operatives Bank have 4 and 12 branches respectively. The district has 92 primary co-operative societies which are working in all the blocks. None of the cooperative society has been financed by commercial banks.

Banking Facilities at a glance

 

a)

No. of functioning banks

8

b)

Total no. of branches

87

c)

Commercial branches

27

d)

Rural banks

44

e)

Cooperative Banks

16

f)

Total number of Accounts

52839

g)

Amount in the Account

60.96 crores

Market & Hats



        Prior to imposition of Krishi Udpadan Mandi Act 1969, the major part of the profit available to agriculture was shared by brokers, commission agents and others. After the imposition of the above act regular markets are being arranged for the sale of agricultural produce by the agriculturist. The farmers are given all sort of facilities at these Mandi Samits at Musa Nagar, Bhognipur, Rura, Pukhraya and Jhinjhak. There are 63 bazar/hats in Kanpur Dehat, out of which these situated at Rura, Jhinjhak and Pukhraya are important one.

Quality of Life Style


        District Kanpur Dehat is a backward district with a literacy around 50%. More than 3/4th of the population of the district is engaged in agriculture and allied activities. The quality of life style of local inhabitants is quite below the normal particularly, if compared with the same of cities like Kanpur, Lucknow and Delhi etc. The purpose of all the schemes and Action Plan launched by the government from time to time in the district is to increase the economic activities in the district, resulting in increase in per capital income and thereby raising the standard of living and quality of life style. The level of literacy of the people is very important factor for the successful implementation of these schemes and programmes. Following are the few suggestions for increasing the living standard of the people and quality of life style in the district of Kanpur Dehat.

Education

Level of Income

Civic Facilities

        The importance of education for the economic and social development has already been described above. As per 1991 census the literacy level of Kanpur Dehat is 51% which is not upto the mark if it is compared with few developed states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu where the literacy level is almost 100%. To increase the literacy level, few suggestions have been made in the previous paras such as strengthening of primary and secondary schools and degree colleges. The education is to be given top priority, as an incidence education starts mother right from the birth of child. It is, therefore, necessary that female education till High School level be made free. Keeping in view the present social customs and barriers, girls schools and colleges should be separately opened at the places which may be easily approachable by nearest villages and inhabitants. Similarly, primary education at least upto Class-VIII may be made compulsory and free to all masses. This will definitely raise the literacy level of the people. Opening of few schools for adult education is further suggested so that illiterate folk may also come forward for education.

        Besides basic education, a number of professional institution may further be opened which may impart skill oriented training programmes particularly for servicing and trading. This will encourage the masses for self-employment through setting of service industry or by trading and commercial activities. Industrial Training Institutes and government TRYSEM and PMRY PROGRAMMES may be quite useful to create trained manpower, minimising unemployment.

        With the increase in literacy and professional education, it is expected that he unemployment prevailing in the district shall be reduced considerably. More and more entrepreneurship programmes may be organized in the district in order to incolate industrial culture towards more and more industrial set up in the district. It is expected that on account of better infrastructure as per suggestions given above, more and more commercial establishments and business shall come up in the district alongwith new industries. This will definitely increase the level of income which is very necessary to raise the quality of life style and living standard.

        Civic facility in a district is an important infrastructure which helps in aising the living standard of the people. The quality of life style in the city is quite visible on account of various inadequate civic facilities available there. The important facilities on which the standard of living depends very much are as follows:

  • Medical, Health & Family Planning:
  • Communication:
  • Nagar Mahapalika:
  • Entertainment:
  • Social Security:
  1. Medical, Health & Family Planning: Proper medical and health services through Government Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Primary Health Centres etc. Family Planning education is one of the important aspects under medical and health services. Free publicity and induction of family planning gadgets shall further help in controlling the population. These schemes can not be assimilated by the masses until and unless they are properly educated.
  2. Communication: Proper and efficient communication plays vital role in the economic growth and over all development of the district. Considerable headway has been made today in the field of communication technology and it has now become easier to contact and communicate the counterparts, customers and suppliers etc. through STDs, Fax & Internet services etc. The progress of industrial activities in a particular district depends very much on communication and transportation facilities. Living standard also gets affected with these infrastructure. It is, therefore essential that electronic telephone exchanges are set up at convenient places in Kanpur Dehat which may extend facilities covering modern telecommunication system & internet etc. The postal services in the district are not efficient and it takes one week to 15 days, sometimes a month also to reach the letters at remote destinations. The consultants have already suggested augmentation of existing post and telegraph services by adding more and more post offices and telegraph offices in the district.
  3. Nagar Mahapalika: The role of local civic authority like Nagar Mahapalika and Town Area Committees is very important in raising the living standards of the people. Better town planning and proper civic facilities result in scientific distribution of population and infrastructure and facilitate smooth movement. The civic facilities like sanitation, drinking water supply, maintenance of the parks, roads and gardens, development of community markets, tourism and picnic spots are the important factors which lead to better living standard and promote variousl other activities. Such an infrastructure induces more and more commercial and trading activities.
  4. Entertainment: The entertainment facilities are very important for a district for keeping zeal & enthusiasm of the people. The incidence of television has revolutionised the civic culturi and quality of life. It is therefore, necessary to establish T.V. relay centre in Kanpur Dehat. The private cable operators shall also get fillip to increase their business so that latest news from the country and abroad may swiftly reach to individual masses. Development of entertainment parks, picnic spots shall further help in this context. Similarly, it would be worthwhile to promote suitable recreation centres, fates and fairs, marketing complex at suitable places, keeping in view the need of local population. This all will lead to better life style.
  5. Social Security: All the development programme towards social upliftment becomes useless until and unless proper security system for the inhabitants and incoming people is insured. With the growth of population, number of police stations and chowkies are to be increased and the existing ones are to be strengthened. Kanpur Dehat is defame on account of the decoits menace. The past history in this regard has been quite discouraging and the people are afraid and feel insecured. That is why bigger commercial and industrial activities are not coming up. The concerning security department may have to chalk out a plan in order to create a sence of security among the local inhabitants towards their safety.

 

Government Schemes and Incentives


        Various government schemes and incentives are available for the benefits of entrepreneurs and general masses for the development of activities in the specific fields. They provide reasonable incentives and benefits to beneficiaries. Proper advertisement and publicity is needed to publicize these scheme in general masses.

Comparative Figures-Kanpur Dehat Vs U.P.& India

 

Serial

Properties

India

U.P.

Kanpur Dehat

1.

Population growth per annum

2.14

2.29

18.48

2.

Population density (persons/sq./km.)

273

472

416

3.

Urbanisation

25.73%

19.84%

5.71%

4.

Literacy

52.21

41.6

50.71

5.

Male Literacy

64.13

55.73

62.88

6.

Female Literacy

39.29

25.31

35.92

7.

Urban Literacy

73.08

61.0

60.79

8.

Rural Literacy

44.69

50.09

36.66

9.

Workers as % of Population

69.92

72.92

83.60

10.

Mfg. Industries (non household)

7.65

5.34

3.24

11.

Mfg. Industries (household)

2.38

2.41

0.55

12.

Fertiliser Consumption per Hectare

72

90

63

13.

Value of output of major crop per Hectare

3576

4502

4827

14.

Value of output of major crop per capita

758

813

1286

15.

Food-grain product/capita

173

220

387

16.

Road length per 100 sq. km.

60.14

62.48

48

17.

Rail route per 100 sq.km.

2.04

3.03

---

18.

Post offices per Lac of Population

17.93

13.92

14

19.

Telegraph Offices per Lac of Population

4.93

4.16

1

20.

No. of telephones Lacs of Population

800

291

159

21.

Per capita bank deposit

1978

775

396

22.

Per Hectare bank credit to agriculture

1048

877

482

23.

Per capita bank credit to SSI

185

101

29

24.

Per capita bank credit to Industries

705

271

82

25.

Per capita bank deposit

3269

1829

723

26.

Per capita bank credit to agriculture

222

159

129



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